Project Sambaad -The Present and Future of Journalism in Nepal: Adapting to a Changing Media Ecosystem

[00:00:00] Welcome to Project Sambat. Project Sambat is a collaborative platform that promotes in-depth conversations that critically examine Nepali society and its policymaking space.

[00:00:14] Through Project Sambat, PEI and other like-minded organizations seek to explore broad impactful questions that contribute to a wider dialogue on the politics and development of Nepal and the South Asia region.

[00:00:27] In just two days we had six immersive and interactive panels on relevant contemporary topics from development, migration to business.

[00:00:36] Sambat comes to life when it reaches a wider audience and that's why we're sharing live recordings of the conversations.

[00:00:43] In today's release we have guest speakers Dil Bhushan Pathak and Amit Thakal with host Durga Karkhi in a Sambat on the present and future of journalism in Nepal, adapting to a changing media ecosystem.

[00:00:56] We hope you enjoy the conversation.

[00:01:13] Welcome to the second session of the Sambat on the present and future of journalism in Nepal, adapting to a changing media ecosystem.

[00:01:23] My name is Durga Karkhi. My role is law. I sometimes write while being woken up by my own self. Amit has a smile on his face.

[00:01:33] I think I have a lot of talent in this session.

[00:01:43] But I think I have become weak after not writing for a long time.

[00:01:48] I think I have to be a little scared.

[00:01:50] Today we have two very important people in the audience who are very important to Nepali journalism.

[00:01:57] I would have been a little scared to introduce them, but even if it's for the sake of hospitality, I will introduce them.

[00:02:07] Amit Thakal is the Chief Editor of setopati.com.

[00:02:11] He has been in journalism for a long time.

[00:02:15] He has been the Chief Editor of Republica Daynik and the News Editor of The Kathmandu Post.

[00:02:22] He may not be a capable editor, but I would like to introduce him as a capable writer.

[00:02:31] I don't know if I should introduce him.

[00:02:33] He is the political briefing and long-term explainer of midnight at setopati.com.

[00:02:41] We have read about him for a long time, but many people are here to talk about him.

[00:02:46] They may be in the audience or in the live streaming.

[00:02:50] Dilbhusar Pathak has worked in various fields with the Kanti Pur media group in his three-year journalism career.

[00:03:01] But we know him as a tough talker.

[00:03:08] I have not seen him on TV, but I feel like I know Dilbhusar Pathak since childhood.

[00:03:16] He is a good filmmaker.

[00:03:26] He has been a good documentary filmmaker.

[00:03:29] He has been a good documentary filmmaker.

[00:03:37] We will move ahead.

[00:03:40] We have one and a half hour to talk about the protection of the session.

[00:03:45] We will talk for about 45 minutes.

[00:03:48] I will ask questions here.

[00:03:50] You can ask any question you want.

[00:03:56] We will also be live streaming.

[00:03:59] If anyone has any questions, please ask them.

[00:04:03] We will try to answer them.

[00:04:06] I think we have enough time for discussion.

[00:04:09] Our topic today is about the three topics.

[00:04:16] First, we will talk about the economic crisis and business model.

[00:04:24] We will also talk about the wrong and wrong information.

[00:04:28] We will also talk about the danger of our economy.

[00:04:33] We will also talk about the situation of Nepalese media in agenda setting.

[00:04:39] We will talk about these three topics.

[00:04:43] But we will also talk about the change of Nepalese media ecosystem.

[00:04:51] We have seen and experienced that the social media is getting more and more negative.

[00:05:02] We have been saying that the social media is the main source of the problem.

[00:05:08] But we have also seen that the traditional media is getting more and more negative.

[00:05:21] We will talk about these three topics in this landscape.

[00:05:28] Let's start with the questions.

[00:05:31] I have three questions.

[00:05:35] We will talk about the broader theme.

[00:05:40] Let's start with the economic crisis that Nepalese media is facing.

[00:05:46] The social media is getting more and more negative.

[00:05:50] The white party has used a new model of the system.

[00:05:55] How did the crisis come about?

[00:06:05] What is the role of the corporatization?

[00:06:09] Let's start with Amit Sir.

[00:06:15] We can exchange.

[00:06:17] Thank you, Durga Ji.

[00:06:19] In the current time, not only the media, but all the economic crisis in Nepal is there.

[00:06:28] Project Sambat has shown that the number of people who are doing programs here is very low.

[00:06:36] But now the crisis is there for everyone.

[00:06:41] The crisis started during the COVID time.

[00:06:46] The media is the main source of the crisis.

[00:06:51] But since the COVID time, there was no business.

[00:06:55] The corporate houses said that they would not add more people.

[00:07:01] The media has also said that they would reduce the rate of people.

[00:07:13] The rate has been reduced by 30%, 20%, 50% according to their own capacity.

[00:07:21] Since the COVID time, the corporate sector has been suffering from a low rate of people.

[00:07:32] This low rate is difficult for everyone.

[00:07:37] The human society is getting low.

[00:07:41] The rate has been increased.

[00:07:45] I feel that the corporate media in Nepal is getting a return from the media.

[00:07:55] The world believes that the company is creating value.

[00:08:01] The corporate sector has a family legacy.

[00:08:08] The ad is a charity.

[00:08:10] I have favored it.

[00:08:12] The ad has been running for two years.

[00:08:20] This has caused a big impact in the media economy.

[00:08:26] The extension of this is that during the COVID time, loans have been paid to private sectors.

[00:08:35] The money is being paid to private sectors.

[00:08:39] It is a lot of money.

[00:08:41] You will also feel that it is a lot of money.

[00:08:45] The loan has been paid to the private sector.

[00:08:48] The loan has been paid to the unproductive sector.

[00:08:53] This has created a bubble in the private sector.

[00:08:59] It has been crashed.

[00:09:01] Money has been trapped.

[00:09:03] I have tried to connect with COVID.

[00:09:05] The economy is in a bad state.

[00:09:07] The Ukraine war, international business cycle is happening.

[00:09:10] But one of the biggest problems in our economy is the low rate of people during COVID time.

[00:09:16] The media house took a low rate loan and put it in another place.

[00:09:21] The corporate sector did it.

[00:09:23] The corporate sector has been suffering from a low rate for the past year.

[00:09:30] It has also affected the media.

[00:09:33] This has been happening since 2021.

[00:09:40] Everyone has a high rate of debt.

[00:09:43] Who can pay the debt for a short period of time?

[00:09:46] The rate of debt increases relatively over time.

[00:09:50] Even the people who are suffering cannot pay the debt for a long time.

[00:09:54] Even the people who are suffering cannot pay the debt for a long time.

[00:09:57] The media has been suffering from internal damage.

[00:10:00] The media has been suffering for the past two or three years.

[00:10:05] The problem continues.

[00:10:07] I can tell you the final story.

[00:10:09] The social media has become less popular.

[00:10:14] The Japanese media has become more popular.

[00:10:17] The media has its own weakness.

[00:10:19] The corporate sector says this a lot, especially online.

[00:10:22] If we give four or five major online ads, we can give a good ad.

[00:10:27] We can give a large volume.

[00:10:29] But if we give one ad,

[00:10:32] the big banks of the corporate houses,

[00:10:36] they have their own bank.

[00:10:38] Some new online companies open their own ads

[00:10:42] and design their own ads while opening websites.

[00:10:46] They say they will add 200 media outlets.

[00:10:51] This is all visualized.

[00:10:54] If there are many fragmented media,

[00:10:58] it will be compromised,

[00:11:02] bargained and blackmailed to sustain the rate.

[00:11:05] So all these things have affected the media.

[00:11:10] Okay.

[00:11:11] Thank you, Durga.

[00:11:14] I will say something that Amit said.

[00:11:17] It's a good thing.

[00:11:20] There is a lot of pressure on the other side.

[00:11:24] In the future,

[00:11:27] there will be more pressure on the media.

[00:11:33] Another problem is that we have to manage the money.

[00:11:37] We have 40 to 50 people in the newsroom.

[00:11:40] Plus, we have a team of 55 to 60 people.

[00:11:43] The newsroom is a place where people can talk and leave everything behind

[00:11:48] and manage the newsroom in a situation where they feel uncomfortable.

[00:11:53] I saw a reporter who worked hard.

[00:11:57] He was so strong that he could not be destroyed.

[00:12:01] He was a hard-working reporter.

[00:12:05] He worked for so many years,

[00:12:08] and he was so hard-working that he was always

[00:12:12] in a situation where no one would talk about him.

[00:12:16] With that,

[00:12:19] if you look at my own vision,

[00:12:22] in my last 31 years of career,

[00:12:25] I started a TV channel 21 years ago.

[00:12:28] 21 years ago,

[00:12:30] I was a founder and news coordinator.

[00:12:33] I worked for two or three years,

[00:12:36] then I stopped working for 10 years and then I stopped.

[00:12:39] Then in 2021, I stopped working and then I stopped.

[00:12:42] What you said is that there is no growth

[00:12:45] in the development of the media or the growth of journalists.

[00:12:50] The traditional,

[00:12:53] the overall landscape has changed.

[00:12:58] As we move from tradition to new media,

[00:13:01] after the word new,

[00:13:04] some new media established by some old people

[00:13:09] and some newsrooms,

[00:13:12] if you look at the larger level of traditional,

[00:13:15] old media newsrooms,

[00:13:18] it has become like a car of a 20-year-old old model.

[00:13:22] It is in a state of collapse.

[00:13:25] You mentioned earlier the possibility of collapse

[00:13:28] if it is not in the economic aspect

[00:13:31] or if it is not integrated with justice.

[00:13:35] The newsroom made by the journalist

[00:13:38] or the brand or the organization

[00:13:41] does not only benefit me,

[00:13:44] but also the journalists who work there

[00:13:47] should be spent on it.

[00:13:50] Perhaps this thought would not have come

[00:13:53] but I have shown you that

[00:13:56] resource-wise, a journalist has got

[00:13:59] a good health insurance

[00:14:02] while facing problems.

[00:14:05] A cameraman is given by the organization

[00:14:08] and when he comes,

[00:14:11] it is not in the camera.

[00:14:14] The camera is in short, but is the cameraman in short or not?

[00:14:17] The government has also brought

[00:14:20] the media to the public.

[00:14:23] These sides are also present.

[00:14:26] If you cannot control the

[00:14:29] other side of the media,

[00:14:32] the newsrooms will not be there.

[00:14:35] The newsroom that took up the issue of governance,

[00:14:38] the newsroom that talked about the government's accountability,

[00:14:41] the newsroom that had moral strength,

[00:14:44] the newsroom that had think tank,

[00:14:47] the newsroom that has witnessed

[00:14:50] the long history,

[00:14:53] the archives are also going through problems.

[00:14:56] What do you see

[00:14:59] in the horizon?

[00:15:02] This is for you.

[00:15:05] I have not talked much.

[00:15:08] They were asking why the mics are different,

[00:15:11] the chairs are different.

[00:15:14] The media

[00:15:17] is going through

[00:15:20] a transformation all over the world.

[00:15:23] A new industry challenge

[00:15:26] has been created.

[00:15:29] What does that mean?

[00:15:32] Now, the media is not working from the beginning.

[00:15:35] It is going to digital.

[00:15:38] It is not going to be paid by digital revenue.

[00:15:41] It is going to be a very difficult

[00:15:44] challenge.

[00:15:47] It is also difficult for the reader to

[00:15:50] pay the money and take the money from the reader.

[00:15:53] I will come back to you.

[00:15:56] One part is that the media

[00:15:59] is not being paid by the reader.

[00:16:02] Another thing that Dilvus said is

[00:16:05] that it is very important

[00:16:08] to think about it, to rethink it.

[00:16:11] The crisis in the media

[00:16:14] is still there.

[00:16:17] The media house should not

[00:16:20] pay the media for the media.

[00:16:23] It is about the demand.

[00:16:26] It should not be paid in the demand

[00:16:29] or in the social security.

[00:16:32] The media does not get paid by the media

[00:16:35] because the demand is low.

[00:16:38] The cost of hospitals is high

[00:16:41] because of the disease.

[00:16:44] Social security is a very important

[00:16:47] part.

[00:16:50] The government has said that

[00:16:53] it is not going to the social security

[00:16:56] because the demand is low.

[00:16:59] The company has earned

[00:17:02] a lot of money.

[00:17:05] The media house has not declared

[00:17:08] the policy to pay the profit.

[00:17:11] The media house does not believe

[00:17:14] that the policy is not working.

[00:17:17] The setta body is still small.

[00:17:20] It looks big from the outside, but it is a challenge.

[00:17:23] Our ambition is big.

[00:17:26] We try to punch beyond our weight

[00:17:29] but the economy is still the same.

[00:17:32] The social media economy

[00:17:35] is not big.

[00:17:38] The readership of traditional media

[00:17:41] has decreased.

[00:17:44] That is also a trend all over the world.

[00:17:47] There is a lot of revenue

[00:17:50] and advertisement.

[00:17:53] The trend is not only in our country

[00:17:56] but also in the world.

[00:17:59] The media is not getting the advertisement

[00:18:02] that the readership is not working.

[00:18:05] I think the setta body

[00:18:08] has a high retention rate

[00:18:11] and we collectively

[00:18:14] will reinvest

[00:18:17] 20% of the total revenue

[00:18:20] every year.

[00:18:23] The net profit is increasing.

[00:18:26] The bonus

[00:18:29] is not only the setta body's profit

[00:18:32] but also the setta body's

[00:18:35] bonus.

[00:18:38] We have consistently

[00:18:41] paid the bonus for 3 years.

[00:18:44] 20% of the profit

[00:18:47] is paid

[00:18:50] as performance incentives.

[00:18:53] We have started

[00:18:56] Social Security.

[00:18:59] I think the fundamental

[00:19:02] is about trust.

[00:19:05] I am a journalist.

[00:19:08] I work in big media houses

[00:19:11] and negotiate with journalists.

[00:19:14] The publisher told me that

[00:19:17] I will be like the leader of the trade union.

[00:19:20] I take pride in that.

[00:19:23] You have to feel that.

[00:19:26] You have to feel that.

[00:19:29] So, there are two parts.

[00:19:32] One is to pay the readers

[00:19:35] and the other is to distribute

[00:19:38] the revenue to the readers.

[00:19:41] It is important for growth, difficult times

[00:19:44] and long term vision.

[00:19:47] I can say one thing.

[00:19:50] There are many private media in the world

[00:19:53] so they don't want to be private media.

[00:19:56] I am not against that.

[00:19:59] But the setta party said

[00:20:02] in a public forum

[00:20:05] that the setta party's dream is

[00:20:08] to build a public foundation.

[00:20:11] So, I said that

[00:20:14] the setta party should be

[00:20:17] a foundation

[00:20:20] and work to develop

[00:20:23] the media.

[00:20:26] The setta party is under

[00:20:29] my ownership.

[00:20:32] We are committed to that.

[00:20:35] It should be an important model

[00:20:38] to create a public foundation

[00:20:41] for the public.

[00:20:44] These two are important.

[00:20:47] How to handle them.

[00:20:50] I am connecting with K.

[00:20:53] I am connecting with K.

[00:20:56] I am connecting with K.

[00:20:59] to get into the agenda setting.

[00:21:02] I am connecting with K.

[00:21:05] I am connecting with K.

[00:21:11] The focus of the media

[00:21:14] is not on the development of media.

[00:21:17] Journalists are not

[00:21:20] trying to grow.

[00:21:23] They are not trying to study.

[00:21:26] They are not trying to learn from the new media.

[00:21:29] As a profession

[00:21:32] access, information for access, or for people's access,

[00:21:37] power for use.

[00:21:38] That is what we are enjoying.

[00:21:40] We can't see the larger output productivity,

[00:21:43] creativity in the newsroom.

[00:21:44] You see content and where is the creativity?

[00:21:48] So you think the creativity of the people who run TikTok

[00:21:52] to serve social media is amazing.

[00:21:55] Absolutely.

[00:21:55] So, what I wanted to say earlier,

[00:21:58] I think you should zoom out a little bit

[00:22:00] even though you say it is difficult and financial.

[00:22:04] Journalism is a profession in the media.

[00:22:07] You have to live in public sphere.

[00:22:10] You have to be able to represent different sections

[00:22:12] in larger society.

[00:22:14] That means you have to understand the society.

[00:22:17] You have to understand the current issues.

[00:22:19] And you can do justice, you can connect

[00:22:23] with the citizens, with the state.

[00:22:26] You have to understand what the issues are,

[00:22:29] what their role is.

[00:22:30] You have to understand how justice can be shown

[00:22:33] in the issues that are present in the media.

[00:22:35] That is why you have to have capacity.

[00:22:37] I will give you an example.

[00:22:38] My book, while I was in college,

[00:22:42] my brother was exiting.

[00:22:44] He also had to exit like me.

[00:22:46] I had to study mass communication from Sudurpur.

[00:22:49] I was a graduate in mass communication.

[00:22:52] I had to go and get my BA.

[00:22:55] If you can get a bachelor degree,

[00:22:58] if you want to study more, you can study everything.

[00:23:01] If you want to study in this country,

[00:23:02] you can study in Patragarh.

[00:23:03] You are done.

[00:23:04] Just get out from here.

[00:23:06] In this country, there was only one university.

[00:23:08] There was only one college that taught journalism.

[00:23:10] There were only one classroom that taught

[00:23:12] 40 students.

[00:23:13] Right?

[00:23:14] That book, I am the one who didn't get to master it.

[00:23:18] I am now doing my PhD in MPhil.

[00:23:21] It is another part.

[00:23:22] We are the ones who are going to set the standard

[00:23:25] for journalism.

[00:23:27] Which country's citizens have reached

[00:23:31] such a high level of information?

[00:23:33] Which things have they left unsaid?

[00:23:35] Everything.

[00:23:37] If you meet a senior official at midnight,

[00:23:43] which prime minister or a woman

[00:23:45] has made an extreme mistake

[00:23:47] and set the standard for it?

[00:23:49] If you look at the things that are said,

[00:23:51] a Nepali citizen made a project

[00:23:53] for the Royal Navy

[00:23:55] and made a new country

[00:23:57] and went to the army.

[00:23:59] There are countless incidents

[00:24:01] in the world.

[00:24:03] There are Nepali media

[00:24:05] who report on this level and that level.

[00:24:07] This is probably the case.

[00:24:09] But these details are only there.

[00:24:11] I am saying...

[00:24:13] Let's leave it here.

[00:24:15] No?

[00:24:16] I want to add that

[00:24:18] we are setting the agenda

[00:24:20] and the time

[00:24:22] to report on it

[00:24:24] in a way that is important

[00:24:26] to the agenda

[00:24:28] and we are doing it

[00:24:30] in such a way

[00:24:32] that the agenda

[00:24:34] and the needs

[00:24:36] of the common people

[00:24:38] that they feel

[00:24:40] every day,

[00:24:42] the need to have fun

[00:24:44] is not disconnected

[00:24:46] from the subject.

[00:24:48] The new media

[00:24:50] that they are working with

[00:24:52] obviously has many comparative advantages

[00:24:54] compared to the new media.

[00:24:56] When we look at that,

[00:24:58] there is no competition

[00:25:00] between the traditional media

[00:25:02] and the new media.

[00:25:04] The new media is not competing

[00:25:06] with the traditional media.

[00:25:08] The traditional media is only competing

[00:25:10] with the new media.

[00:25:13] So, in the agenda setting,

[00:25:15] the important things

[00:25:17] that we are reporting

[00:25:19] to the media

[00:25:21] are not related

[00:25:23] to the important things

[00:25:25] that the common people have already reported.

[00:25:27] Do you think so?

[00:25:29] Or how do you think about it?

[00:25:33] When we talk about traditional media

[00:25:35] and the new media,

[00:25:37] now we are not sure

[00:25:39] if the new media is traditional

[00:25:41] but we used to say that

[00:25:43] it is traditional

[00:25:45] and we used to say

[00:25:47] that it is a print on the TV.

[00:25:49] Now,

[00:25:51] in social media,

[00:25:53] with so much rigor,

[00:25:55] so much radical

[00:25:57] and so much anger,

[00:25:59] so many thoughts

[00:26:01] and so much

[00:26:03] pressure,

[00:26:05] the online media

[00:26:07] are also

[00:26:09] at the center

[00:26:11] but we are not sure

[00:26:13] if it is traditional.

[00:26:15] The new media is so much

[00:26:17] and so much pressure.

[00:26:19] I think there are two.

[00:26:21] One is that

[00:26:23] the current speed is very high

[00:26:25] and it is overwhelming

[00:26:27] to everyone.

[00:26:29] Whether it is politicians,

[00:26:31] businessmen, media,

[00:26:33] we live in a completely different time.

[00:26:35] The pace is so fast

[00:26:37] and so many things have been done

[00:26:39] and so many things have been done

[00:26:41] in the past.

[00:26:43] And the communication between

[00:26:45] people and the media

[00:26:47] and the way they think

[00:26:49] in every moment

[00:26:51] is so fast

[00:26:53] that it is overwhelming

[00:26:55] to everyone

[00:26:57] to understand

[00:26:59] and to take this matter

[00:27:01] into consideration

[00:27:03] and to understand

[00:27:05] and to comprehend

[00:27:07] it.

[00:27:09] But we don't have time.

[00:27:11] Because the issues move

[00:27:13] so fast.

[00:27:15] On the other hand,

[00:27:17] as you have said

[00:27:19] many things

[00:27:21] like social media

[00:27:23] and the people who are getting engaged

[00:27:25] and the people who are feeling

[00:27:27] displeased.

[00:27:29] This displeasure

[00:27:31] is so much in the past

[00:27:33] and it is not true

[00:27:35] that the media

[00:27:37] and the state

[00:27:39] have to reflect

[00:27:41] and respond.

[00:27:43] The dissatisfaction

[00:27:45] that has arisen

[00:27:47] is not legitimate

[00:27:49] to address.

[00:27:51] Why did I say this?

[00:27:53] Because the world is so fast

[00:27:55] and the social media has speeded up

[00:27:57] the speed.

[00:27:59] It was not like this before.

[00:28:01] We are in the genus.

[00:28:03] We are in the evolutionary process.

[00:28:05] For a long time.

[00:28:07] The instruc people have been

[00:28:09] eating and drinking for about

[00:28:11] 200-300 years

[00:28:13] and they respond to negative things

[00:28:15] and act on them.

[00:28:17] What is happening in social media now?

[00:28:19] People react fast

[00:28:21] and if you look at it

[00:28:23] I will see that

[00:28:25] everyone there

[00:28:27] is not reasonable.

[00:28:29] But the easy thing is

[00:28:31] whoever looks at things

[00:28:33] in black and white

[00:28:35] or in grey

[00:28:37] and says that it is complicated

[00:28:39] that person will be a little behind

[00:28:41] and will not react fast

[00:28:43] or write or abuse

[00:28:45] or say that this is the case.

[00:28:47] But whoever looks at it

[00:28:49] in black and white

[00:28:51] the minority

[00:28:53] they write a lot

[00:28:55] so what happens

[00:28:57] is that people who are

[00:28:59] a little thoughtful

[00:29:01] and think a little

[00:29:03] and understand a little

[00:29:05] and read a little

[00:29:07] come out of the deliberative process

[00:29:09] and come out

[00:29:11] as reactive, emotional

[00:29:13] and impulsive people.

[00:29:15] We say in the news

[00:29:17] that sometimes

[00:29:19] this happens

[00:29:21] and the social media sweeps

[00:29:23] and people say

[00:29:25] that if you pick this up

[00:29:27] then there is value judgment

[00:29:29] in the newsroom

[00:29:31] that if you pick this up

[00:29:33] it will hurt the society

[00:29:35] or make it bad

[00:29:37] or make it right or wrong.

[00:29:39] And while looking at it

[00:29:41] some things are left.

[00:29:45] How to look at

[00:29:47] both of these things together

[00:29:49] and how to encourage

[00:29:51] the deliberative process

[00:29:53] to encourage

[00:29:55] to consolidate

[00:29:57] is important in the long run

[00:29:59] but in the society

[00:30:01] people are people

[00:30:03] and the common people

[00:30:05] don't tell us about ourselves

[00:30:07] media doesn't write about us

[00:30:09] media doesn't do anything to us

[00:30:11] media is loyal to someone

[00:30:13] to politicians

[00:30:15] and the media is bad

[00:30:17] the media is bad

[00:30:19] the political party is bad

[00:30:21] That is

[00:30:23] the process

[00:30:25] of looking at

[00:30:27] politics and media

[00:30:29] I can say this

[00:30:31] after looking at it

[00:30:33] how it looks

[00:30:37] in developed countries

[00:30:39] in the world of age

[00:30:41] periodically

[00:30:43] the politicians

[00:30:45] have approval ratings

[00:30:47] surveys

[00:30:49] in the 1980s and 90s

[00:30:51] and early 2000s

[00:30:53] 2008s

[00:30:55] and even then

[00:30:57] American politicians

[00:30:59] 77% of the time

[00:31:01] they are in office

[00:31:03] is popular

[00:31:05] approval rating

[00:31:07] is 50 plus

[00:31:09] now it is the opposite

[00:31:11] they are in

[00:31:13] 27% of the time

[00:31:15] is popular

[00:31:18] in the most developed countries

[00:31:20] in the US

[00:31:22] almost 39%

[00:31:24] in Germany

[00:31:26] 29%

[00:31:28] in Germany

[00:31:30] 36%

[00:31:32] 23%

[00:31:34] in Japan

[00:31:36] 21% in Korea

[00:31:38] they are so popular

[00:31:40] I think

[00:31:42] all these people

[00:31:44] are not popular

[00:31:46] all these people

[00:31:48] are not popular

[00:31:50] they are not popular

[00:31:52] now

[00:31:54] who is popular in America

[00:31:56] Trump is popular

[00:31:58] if you look at the work

[00:32:00] done by Biden and Trump

[00:32:02] you should not compare

[00:32:04] so people

[00:32:06] small things

[00:32:08] are big things

[00:32:10] complicated things

[00:32:12] but one thing

[00:32:14] is that the inflame

[00:32:16] is very important

[00:32:18] for example

[00:32:20] in America

[00:32:22] the issue of migrants is very big

[00:32:24] America is a country made by migrants

[00:32:26] now

[00:32:28] there are 1.5 crore illegal migrants

[00:32:30] undocumented migrants

[00:32:34] Biden said

[00:32:36] we are sleeping

[00:32:38] but

[00:32:40] in South Carolina

[00:32:42] in South Carolina

[00:32:44] an undocumented migrant

[00:32:46] killed one American

[00:32:48] that was so viral

[00:32:50] a clip that was so viral

[00:32:52] that made larger complicated things

[00:32:54] sad

[00:32:56] people can not go there

[00:32:58] because the emotions of people

[00:33:00] the negative emotions

[00:33:02] the impulsive emotions

[00:33:04] capture that

[00:33:06] it is a difficult time

[00:33:08] I am not being defensive

[00:33:10] we miss it

[00:33:12] but everyday

[00:33:14] as a leader of the newsroom

[00:33:16] I am overwhelmed

[00:33:18] how to create

[00:33:20] new balance

[00:33:22] so that we do not miss

[00:33:24] what people are thinking

[00:33:26] but that is also a representative

[00:33:28] but we should also

[00:33:30] think in a deliberative way

[00:33:32] to be rational

[00:33:34] it is a time of struggle

[00:33:36] interesting

[00:33:38] how is the situation now?

[00:33:40] it is good

[00:33:42] we are working

[00:33:44] in a single organization

[00:33:46] before 3 decades

[00:33:48] published in the newspaper

[00:33:50] by parliamentarians

[00:33:52] this is the government

[00:33:54] if the minister has to answer

[00:33:56] we are in the age of

[00:33:58] publishing newspapers

[00:34:00] today we are reaching

[00:34:02] new media

[00:34:04] social media

[00:34:06] we cannot go to

[00:34:08] the public with

[00:34:10] a white car

[00:34:12] today with the money

[00:34:14] of mobilization

[00:34:16] we are buying watches

[00:34:18] but we cannot stay in the streets

[00:34:20] in the wrong place

[00:34:22] if a government car

[00:34:24] or a public car is parked

[00:34:26] we are not living

[00:34:28] with that

[00:34:30] so we have a view

[00:34:32] for you to set

[00:34:34] for example

[00:34:36] traditional media

[00:34:38] but we are not fighting

[00:34:40] if we talk about two things

[00:34:42] then we might get two results

[00:34:44] agenda setting

[00:34:46] personality

[00:34:48] is very difficult

[00:34:50] to set

[00:34:52] by talking about the media

[00:34:54] or by writing about the news

[00:34:56] other than agenda setting

[00:34:58] I think

[00:35:00] after the world war

[00:35:02] after the television

[00:35:04] cultivation theory

[00:35:06] was discussed

[00:35:08] in the media

[00:35:10] the needle was used

[00:35:12] to make impact

[00:35:14] the world is influenced

[00:35:16] then cultivation theory

[00:35:18] you said

[00:35:20] in the Nepalese media

[00:35:22] it can relate

[00:35:24] if someone starts talking

[00:35:26] on television

[00:35:28] or visually

[00:35:30] audio video or expression

[00:35:32] emotion side

[00:35:34] if someone delivers content

[00:35:36] without any delay

[00:35:38] you cannot stop something

[00:35:40] in the mind

[00:35:42] either you stop yourself

[00:35:44] or you stop yourself

[00:35:46] by talking about something

[00:35:48] these two things are different

[00:35:50] agenda setting

[00:35:52] but these two things

[00:35:54] are difficult to set

[00:35:56] otherwise

[00:35:58] if you start

[00:36:00] sitting in front of OTT

[00:36:02] and start using mobile

[00:36:04] then

[00:36:06] the person who is entering

[00:36:08] or being in any politics

[00:36:10] even if he does some work

[00:36:12] only his position

[00:36:14] to establish him

[00:36:16] even if it is an agenda

[00:36:18] to discuss some issue

[00:36:20] or to discuss about that

[00:36:22] personality

[00:36:24] and the person who is coming

[00:36:26] thinking only about his politics

[00:36:28] and only for the sake of the public

[00:36:30] the way people are thinking

[00:36:32] that is what I think

[00:36:34] I want to add

[00:36:36] this to the misinformation

[00:36:38] and disinformation

[00:36:40] we have talked a lot here

[00:36:42] the platform, mechanism

[00:36:44] and swiftness

[00:36:46] that new media has provided

[00:36:48] in this matter

[00:36:50] the agenda

[00:36:52] is getting faster

[00:36:55] we are not able to catch up

[00:36:57] or

[00:36:59] the media

[00:37:01] that is thinking

[00:37:03] or taking

[00:37:05] the work

[00:37:07] media, journalists

[00:37:09] they are not able to do that

[00:37:11] this is

[00:37:13] in the context of larger

[00:37:15] debate, of democracy

[00:37:17] anyone can misuse

[00:37:19] this

[00:37:21] we have seen instances

[00:37:23] of this in India

[00:37:25] and abroad

[00:37:27] if we want to

[00:37:29] connect with democracy

[00:37:31] in Nepal

[00:37:33] how big is the risk

[00:37:35] for our democracy

[00:37:37] how to join

[00:37:39] with this

[00:37:41] difficult question

[00:37:43] it is difficult

[00:37:45] to join

[00:37:47] I think we should

[00:37:49] talk about practical things

[00:37:51] in a larger level

[00:37:53] how is the

[00:37:55] irreducible

[00:37:57] people

[00:37:59] see the media

[00:38:01] that is written by J Pai

[00:38:03] but they don't know

[00:38:05] nobody knows

[00:38:07] who is going to

[00:38:09] know

[00:38:11] so

[00:38:13] the sensationalists

[00:38:15] see it

[00:38:17] but they don't know

[00:38:19] what is the

[00:38:21] irreparable

[00:38:23] we have

[00:38:25] a lot of weaknesses

[00:38:27] one session

[00:38:29] what did you do wrong

[00:38:31] the next one

[00:38:33] I can't say

[00:38:35] it alone

[00:38:37] but

[00:38:39] deliveratively

[00:38:41] how

[00:38:43] do media

[00:38:45] need readership

[00:38:47] we have to show

[00:38:49] the struggle

[00:38:51] of readership

[00:38:53] we are relatively

[00:38:55] the media

[00:38:57] we need to stop

[00:38:59] that also

[00:39:01] has a big pressure

[00:39:03] to give an ad

[00:39:05] what is the story

[00:39:07] is it good or not

[00:39:09] it doesn't matter

[00:39:11] for us readers

[00:39:13] we want

[00:39:15] to help

[00:39:17] inform citizens

[00:39:19] we also

[00:39:21] support them

[00:39:23] for corporate house

[00:39:25] everyone is a consumer

[00:39:27] not to blame them

[00:39:29] the world is like that

[00:39:31] we sell our goods

[00:39:33] if we put an ad in the market

[00:39:35] how many readers are there

[00:39:37] what did media do

[00:39:39] they created readers

[00:39:41] they have to create readers

[00:39:43] they don't care

[00:39:45] about your misinformation

[00:39:47] they don't care

[00:39:49] about what you put

[00:39:51] they are hurting

[00:39:53] another

[00:39:57] regulatory system

[00:39:59] which is

[00:40:01] a basic regulatory framework

[00:40:03] in voice

[00:40:05] we have not worked

[00:40:07] in our

[00:40:09] press council

[00:40:11] we have not

[00:40:13] talked about

[00:40:15] your system

[00:40:17] ultimately

[00:40:19] law and institution

[00:40:21] we didn't

[00:40:23] abuse

[00:40:25] a democratic

[00:40:27] society

[00:40:29] we have to implement

[00:40:31] that

[00:40:33] there are

[00:40:35] two problems

[00:40:37] one

[00:40:39] it is not registered

[00:40:41] but it is run

[00:40:43] online

[00:40:45] if you are not

[00:40:47] legal entity

[00:40:49] you can't come

[00:40:51] as media

[00:40:53] the state has to ensure

[00:40:55] I could run a blog

[00:40:57] but when I

[00:40:59] say online media

[00:41:01] and generate revenue

[00:41:03] I have to

[00:41:05] create

[00:41:07] legal obligations

[00:41:09] in our country

[00:41:11] many people

[00:41:13] write

[00:41:15] and distort

[00:41:17] the photos

[00:41:19] online

[00:41:21] it is easy

[00:41:23] if you are not registered

[00:41:25] you can't open

[00:41:27] it is very simple

[00:41:29] if it is open

[00:41:31] copy

[00:41:33] and run

[00:41:35] it is very difficult

[00:41:37] to create

[00:41:39] a story

[00:41:41] it is difficult

[00:41:43] to search, write, edit

[00:41:45] but it is published

[00:41:47] in 5 minutes

[00:41:49] others have already copied

[00:41:51] copy

[00:41:53] is there any help

[00:41:55] from others

[00:41:57] they don't

[00:41:59] say that

[00:42:01] but they say

[00:42:03] they have already copied

[00:42:05] it is

[00:42:07] a matter of monitoring

[00:42:09] there is

[00:42:11] software in press council

[00:42:13] if it is published

[00:42:15] online

[00:42:17] someone has copied

[00:42:19] red flag is coming

[00:42:21] but to enforce

[00:42:23] monitoring

[00:42:25] why not

[00:42:27] we have

[00:42:29] human resources

[00:42:31] if we do that

[00:42:33] it will be useful

[00:42:35] others

[00:42:37] we don't have to do it all

[00:42:39] we have 3000

[00:42:41] online

[00:42:43] you can do 30

[00:42:45] 40

[00:42:47] then you can do it

[00:42:49] whatever you can do

[00:42:51] it is difficult

[00:42:53] in the world

[00:42:55] law break

[00:42:57] is not for everyone

[00:42:59] but if law break

[00:43:01] I will be in jail

[00:43:03] create environment

[00:43:05] we haven't done that

[00:43:07] media is open

[00:43:09] write

[00:43:11] attack

[00:43:13] accountability

[00:43:15] I don't have to be

[00:43:17] accountable

[00:43:19] violent

[00:43:21] media is like that

[00:43:23] accountability

[00:43:25] basic minimum

[00:43:27] new media

[00:43:29] our country

[00:43:31] our government

[00:43:33] our institutions

[00:43:35] can't regulate

[00:43:37] but we can

[00:43:39] do

[00:43:41] new things

[00:43:43] if we do that

[00:43:45] one level of regulation

[00:43:47] one level of

[00:43:49] this can be

[00:43:51] different

[00:43:53] you are

[00:43:55] talking about

[00:43:57] media literacy

[00:43:59] your algorithm

[00:44:01] is not

[00:44:03] religion

[00:44:05] it is not moral

[00:44:07] it does

[00:44:09] whatever it wants

[00:44:11] fake news

[00:44:13] you have to keep two news

[00:44:15] fake news is more trouble

[00:44:17] there is money

[00:44:19] there is money

[00:44:21] filter wobbles

[00:44:23] it is the same

[00:44:25] the more content

[00:44:27] the more revenue

[00:44:29] in that

[00:44:31] a person

[00:44:33] does

[00:44:35] it is not

[00:44:37] algorithm

[00:44:39] it is result

[00:44:41] another

[00:44:43] you said

[00:44:45] before

[00:44:47] media

[00:44:49] media

[00:44:51] clarity

[00:44:53] media

[00:44:55] media

[00:44:57] media

[00:44:59] media

[00:45:01] building

[00:45:03] board

[00:45:05] media

[00:45:07] information

[00:45:09] media

[00:45:11] media

[00:45:13] communication

[00:45:15] communication

[00:45:17] media

[00:45:19] mass communication

[00:45:21] mass communication

[00:45:23] mass communication

[00:45:25] exact journalism

[00:45:27] news agency

[00:45:29] authenticity

[00:45:31] journalist

[00:45:33] journalist

[00:45:35] who has

[00:45:37] knowledge

[00:45:39] who verify

[00:45:41] news

[00:45:43] authentic news

[00:45:45] it is

[00:45:47] media

[00:45:49] literacy

[00:45:51] news

[00:45:53] misinformation

[00:45:55] fake news

[00:45:57] information

[00:45:59] government

[00:46:01] government

[00:46:03] private sector

[00:46:05] private sector

[00:46:07] public

[00:46:09] media

[00:46:11] media

[00:46:13] media

[00:46:15] public

[00:46:17] media

[00:46:19] news

[00:46:20] public

[00:46:27] media

[00:46:29] id

[00:46:30] id

[00:46:36] so

[00:46:38] news

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